Categorizing Grammar: Differential Effects of Preceding and Succeeding Contextual Cues
نویسندگان
چکیده
Distributional information has been shown to combine with phonological information in aiding categorisation of words into grammatical categories. There has been debate about the type of distributional information that is most useful in category learning, in particular whether bigrams are sufficient for category acquisition. This paper presents two experiments testing people’s sensitivity to bigram information for categorisation. Sentences were composed of words with category markers occurring either before (Experiment 1) or after (Experiment 2) the category word. Sentences were presented auditorily. Categorical information was learned in both experiments, but the preceding and succeeding distributional cues contributed to learning in different ways. Furthermore, in both cases phonological information assisted the learning of low
منابع مشابه
Grammar fragment acquisition using syntactic and semantic clustering
A new method for automatically acquiring grammar fragments for understanding uently spoken language is proposed. The goal of this method is to generate a collection of grammar fragments each representing a set of syntactically and semantically similar phrases. First phrases observed frequently in the training set are selected as candidates. Each candidate phrase has three associated probability...
متن کاملLong-lasting modulation by stimulus context in primate auditory cortex.
A sound embedded in an acoustic stream cannot be unambiguously segmented and identified without reference to its stimulus context. To understand the role of stimulus context in cortical processing, we investigated the responses of auditory cortical neurons to 2-sound sequences in awake marmosets, with a focus on stimulus properties other than carrier frequency. Both suppressive and facilitatory...
متن کاملPharaoh: Context-Based Structural Retrieval of Cognitive Scripts
Cognitive scripts can act as a basis for representing behavioral tasks and domain knowledge in cognitive systems. Each event in a cognitive script is either temporally or causally linked with preceding and succeeding events. This temporal progression of events is what provides context to a particular cognitive script. In other words, it is this linking that provides a deeper explanation of a ke...
متن کاملMeasuring the emotion-specificity of rapid stimulus-driven attraction of attention to fearful faces: evidence from emotion categorization and a comparison with disgusted faces.
In the current study, we tested whether a fear advantage-rapid attraction of attention to fearful faces that is more stimulus-driven than to neutral faces-is emotion specific. We used a cueing task with face cues preceding targets. Cues were non-predictive of the target locations. In two experiments, we found enhanced cueing of saccades towards the targets with fearful face cues than with neutr...
متن کاملThe neural basis of contextual influences on face categorization.
From only brief exposure to a face, individuals spontaneously categorize another's race. Recent behavioral evidence suggests that visual context may affect such categorizations. We used fMRI to examine the neural basis of contextual influences on the race categorization of faces. Participants categorized the race of faces that varied along a White-Asian morph continuum and were surrounded by Am...
متن کامل